When voters vote according to their party ID c. When voters vote for a candidate who has run in the past d. When voters consider the state of the economy when voting e. Retrospective voting refers to voting made after taking into consideration factors like the performance of a political party, an officeholder, and/or the administration. Retrospective studies have higher instances of bias and confounding variables than prospective studies. Retrospective voting identifies backward-looking strategies by which voters reelect an incumbent whenever her actual performance in office exceeds some given performance standard.' QUESTION 2 An example of retrospective voting is: a. Most of this work, however, focuses on high-information races and ignores elections in which these cues are often unavailable (e.g. This behavior may occur during economic downturns or after political scandals, when voters hold politicians accountable and do not wish to give the representative a second chance. While the results of these empirical studies differ, most recent studies con-clude that prospective voting is of greater significance in the electorate's vot- When voters consider how they voted in the past and vote the same way b. Quizlet.com The tendency to vote for the incumbents when times are good and against them when times are bad; same as retrospective voting. This paper addresses the debate over whether retrospective or prospective economic voting has the greater impact on electoral behavior. Relative risk calculation is best determined by retrospective studies. Term. Voting for or against a candidate or party in office because one likes or dislikes how things have gone in the recent past (looking back) Supporting users have an ad free experience! There are two types of retrospective voting. Term. Retrospective Voting: Definition. My Flashcards. Retrospective voting is a simple heuristic that voters use to cope with the cognitive complexity presented by a difficult inference and decision problem. Tweet . primary, local). Suffrage: Definition. Retrospective Voting: Definition. Retrospective studies frequently provide the underlying methodology for observational and case-control studies. The legal right to vote. It presumes that people are more concerned with policy outcomes than policy instruments. Informed voting is costly: research shows that voters use heuristics such as party identification and retrospection to make choices that approximate enlightened decision-making. Voting theory suggesting that if individuals feel better off under certain policies, they will support candidates who pledge to continue those policies. https://www.khanacademy.org/.../v/models-of-voting-behavior Considering the presidential elections of 1984 and 1988, we develop models of the effects of economic evaluations on voting in presidential and congressional elections. Retrospective voting occurs when the voter looks at the candidate’s past actions and the past economic climate and makes a decision only using these factors. retrospective voting A form of election in which voters look back at the performance of a party in power and cast ballots on the basis of how well it did in office. Office exceeds some given performance standard. backward-looking strategies by which voters reelect incumbent... Reelect an incumbent whenever her actual performance in office exceeds some given performance.! 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