(n.d.). Sign up for the CQURE Hacks Weekly Newsletter to get our expertise, the most up-to-date tools and a few geeky jokes delivered straight to your inbox. In this case the scenario is Crash/Hang Analyzers. As well as in-memory techniques, the LSASS process memory can be dumped from the target host and analyzed on a local system. This time, we are going to be talking about memory dump analysis which is a pretty interesting subject as usual. One thing, which is sure, is that whatever works is always in the memory. (2018). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Within this profile, we specify what kind of operating system this is. He didn’t lock his computer and I quickly inserted my Pendrive into his computer. Retrieved June 11, 2020. PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. (n.d.). [64] Consider disabling WDigest authentication.[65]. APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. That takes a little bit longer, but at least we have here a new process that wasn’t on the list before. Now, you just have to load mimikatz windbg plugin (mimilib.dll), find lsass process in the dump and invoke mimikatz to perform its magic: Retrieved April 11, 2018. Now that we’ve done got that, the second thing to learn is how to perform the memory dump of the process. Recommendation. We can verify to check it wasn’t there before. Let’s choose Diagnostics Performance Operational evtx. All I wanted was an opportunity where he leaves his desktop unlocked to come up. Dear readers, Welcome to my blog on dump analysis. At this stage, the next thing that we are going to do is to dumpfiles. To do that simply open DebugDiag, add the files you gathered above using the Add Files button, choose “Memory Pressure Analyzers” and click the Start Analysis button. Retrieved November 5, 2018. Procdump can be used to dump lsass, since it is considered as legitimate thus it will not be considered as a malware. BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. (2016, April). In this particular case, the only way to show it is, for example, is to get access to the handles of csrss.exe (Client/Server Runtime Subsystem). [24], Ke3chang has dumped credentials, including by using Mimikatz. Retrieved July 16, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2019. Microsoft Security Advisory: Update to improve credentials protection and management. [46], PoetRAT used voStro.exe, a compiled pypykatz (Python version of Mimikatz), to steal credentials. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Hromcova, Z. The image above is of my screen right now. (n.d.). In the second console over here, I am already in this folder so let’s go to “in”. CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. (2016, April 18). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. "[6], APT32 used Mimikatz and customized versions of Windows Credential Dumper to harvest credentials. We can spot a list of processes here, but this is not a complete list. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. The memory dump of the LSASS process can be obtained with Out-Minidump.ps1 function in PowerShell. [48], PowerSploit contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials using Mimikatz. Expect topics like: Windows Internals, Identity Theft Protection, Penetration Testing, Malware, Secure Server, Forensics, Server Monitoring, Incident Response and more. [3], APT28 regularly deploys both publicly available (ex: Mimikatz) and custom password retrieval tools on victims. Join the 30-Day Windows Security Crash Course, 1 Day Forensics and Prevention Mastery Course, 1 Day to Maintain Stealth Communication Mastery, The Advanced Windows Security Course 2021, CQURE Academy’s Live Virtual Classes – Winter/Spring 2021, Memory Dump Analysis – Extracting Juicy Data, Memory Dump Analysis – extracting juicy data by Paula J, Server Message Block: SMB Relay Attack (The Attack That Always Works). Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). [37][38], Net Crawler uses credential dumpers such as Mimikatz and Windows Credential Editor to extract cached credentials from Windows systems. It’s going to take a little while because it tries to interpret it. Set Files of type to Dump Files, navigate to the dump file, select it, and click Open. We are going to first learn how to perform a memory dump of the whole operating system’s memory. STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. (2018, April 03). To bring out these “hidden” processes, we will do “psscan” instead of “pslist”. This is a great tool by Benjamin Delpy that I already mentioned here before. Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). Opening a minidump for analysis is as easy as creating one. (2016, April 29). If you have any questions, please contact us by email: info@cqureacademy.com or using the contact form. It’s all good. Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 29, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2014. McKeague, B. et al. In the memory dumps, we can find a big amount of different kinds of data and information. I’m just going to do psscan, and run these commands dlllist and dlllist.txt. There are some freely available tools which are able to take such a snapshot of a running process (see [1] and [2]). This project can help to automate debugging and crash dump analysis using Python. How to Get a User Password from Windows Memory Dump. Zerologon Vulnerability: Analysis and Detection Tools. As a former support engineer (and eventually tech leader) of the Microsoft Premier Support, I always had a certain interest for the subject, feeling that debugging and dump analysis are the ultimate troubleshooting skillsets. OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Memory Dump Analysis – Extracting Juicy Data. In your case, you can say “Yes” and then analyze that memory dump. Cylance. This is the one that may not be recognized by antivirus, and in this case, I will use it for memory analysis. Retrieved August 26, 2019. Suzuki, Takakuni (2019) Quantifying the Relations among Neurophysiological Responses, Dimensional Psychopathology, and Personality Traits . Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). The Importance of KB2871997 and KB2928120 for Credential Protection. Retrieved December 10, 2015. comsvcs.dll method (Default) This method only uses built-in Windows files to extract remote credentials. Learn more. In this case, we know it’s a Windows 7, SP1 x64. APT32 : APT32 used Mimikatz and customized versions of Windows Credential Dumper to harvest credentials. It is widely known that attackers use Windows commands and tools that are commonly known and used after intruding their target network. [56], TEMP.Veles has used Mimikatz and a custom tool, SecHack, to harvest credentials. For that, I am going to use the tool Dumpit. Most likely, this is due to buggy third-party code running in the address space of lsass.exe. Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. The Apex One Common Client Solution Framework service may stop unexpectedly and create multiple dump files due to a threading issue. TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Basically, we have our own version made in cooperation with Benjamin. I was doing the penetration test in a medical company. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,[68] which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis. (2014, December). He does this either by reading the memory structures inside LSASS memory space or by reading a full memory dump file of LSASS. Also, we have analyzed them from the system perspective and also from the process perspective. Retrieved April 28, 2016. En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. [18], Empire contains an implementation of Mimikatz to gather credentials from memory. [29], Leafminer used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne and Mimikatz. Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. [49][50], Pupy can execute Lazagne as well as Mimikatz using PowerShell. Let’s say “OK”. Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) is a process in Microsoft Windows operating systems that is responsible for enforcing the security policy on the system. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. In a second we are going to have a full list of different dll’s loaded within our processes. [54], Soft Cell used a modified version of Mimikatz along with a PowerShell-based Mimikatz to dump credentials on the victim machines. This is a dump that I made previously. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 27). It is now possible to dump process directly from the task manager, and without additional tools! Krishnan, Ankita (2019) Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder Through a Cultural Lens: Perspectives, Stigma, and Cultural Values among Asians . Graeber, M. (2014, October). Nicolas Verdier. [28] Lazarus Group has also used a custom version Mimikatz to capture credentials. Starting from ProcDump, which is a very good tool that you can download from sysinternals.com, and even with Task Manager that I have opened here. Retrieved July 13, 2017. Dump command line that was used to start the debugger. Retrieved March 1, 2017. Abdel-Salam, Ahmed Nabil (2018) … We can spot that this is indeed the process ID 848. ProcDump is a sysinternal command-line utility whose primary purpose is monitoring an application for CPU spikes and generating crash dumps during a spike that an administrator or developer can use to determine the cause of the spike.. ProcDump may be used to dump the memory space of lsass.exe to disk for processing with a credential access tool such as Mimikatz. Retrieved June 1, 2016. (2018, December 21). [39][40][36], OilRig has used credential dumping tools such as Mimikatz to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access. Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. That’s how we are able to do it using one of the tools. APT3 has used a tool to dump credentials by injecting itself into lsass.exe and triggering with the argument "dig." Let’s open it and let’s see what happens. Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). (2019, March 4). Of course, we are able to spot over here different usernames, passwords, and things like that. It’s case sensitive so you’ll need to use capital D. What you see that it’s happening right now it’s the extraction of the logs. Kerberos: Preferred for mutual client-server domain authentication in Windows 2000 and later. [32], Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. (2019, April 10). Retrieved June 8, 2020. (2016, April 28). It’s very convenient when configured properly because it can give you a lot of information related to what kind of processes we’re running, what types of handles we have, what kind of handles for each process, and so on. Loading Dump File [N:\lsass_100715_150611.dm p] User Mini Dump File: Only registers, stack and portions of memory are available Comment: ' *** procdump -e lsass.exe lsass.dmp *** Unhandled exception' WARNING: Whitespace at start of path element WARNING: Whitespace at start of … We can check what is inside. 3. (2020, April 16). [31], Lslsass can dump active logon session password hashes from the lsass process. I don’t like the word “hidden”, but because they are not showing up, we could say that they are hidden. [33][34][35][36], MuddyWater has performed credential dumping with Mimikatz. ... See an exception analysis even when the debugger does not detect an exception. Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. Here’s the result I got: Retrieved April 25, 2017. I want to show you something interesting here. (2018, October 11). On Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process. Sometimes we see that the file event log might be corrupted. I’m going to go to “out” folder which is empty. (2019, January 29). [3], Magic Hound stole domain credentials from Microsoft Active Directory Domain Controller and leveraged Mimikatz. (2016, August 18). To be sincere, the reason I am using this tool is that it’s the best and simplest way to perform a memory dump of the whole operating system, especially if you do not have experience in memory analysis. I have only tested on Windows 7 and 8 x86_64. Memory analysis can be endless, as we know, and it can be super short. This is because once it works, it is in memory. Fraser, N., et al. Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. Within the dump files, we will specify that we would like to extract data from the process 848 which was our svchost. [52][53], Silence has used the Farse6.1 utility (based on Mimikatz) to extract credentials from lsass.exe. If you guys have some questions and you are interested in particular things to be analyzed, just post that in the comments and I will do my best to answer these questions and eventually write the subsequent article answering those questions. To be sincere there are many ways to do it. As you can see, a memory dump analysis is endless. APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. [45], PLATINUM has used keyloggers that are also capable of dumping credentials. So we’ve got an evtx and a vacb. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. Mandiant. However, since much less memory has been preserved, you are much more limited in the actions you can perform. Check the event logs for noteworthy events; check the Dr. Watson dump folder for a user.dmp with a timestamp that matches the last shutdown, and consider checking the dump file for more details about the problem. Deply, B. This is a Windows Event Log or for short, EventLog. [58][59], Whitefly has used Mimikatz to obtain credentials. We have a memory dump with us and we do not know what operating system it belongs to, so we use the imageinfo plug-in to find this out. Retrieved February 26, 2018. Import Out-Minidump function into PoSh and create a memory dump of LSASS process: Run the debugger. Rarely analyzed on its own, but rather as part of a wider attack chain, this article provides an in-depth analysis of LSASS dumps as an attack vector. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers. 1. Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). PowerSploit. Right-click on the process, create the dump file, and then you have got it. (2018, September). [57], Threat Group-3390 actors have used a modified version of Mimikatz called Wrapikatz to dump credentials. Unit 42. [62][63], Consider disabling or restricting NTLM. Retrieved July 18, 2016. Because of this, it’s possible to dump lsass memory on a host, download its dump locally and extract the credentials using Mimikatz. Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2017, April 20). Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). Mercer, W, et al. Zanni, A. Let’s set up a x64-only PyKD environment, since our target KD process (lsass.exe) will run in x64 mode. Fixes an issue that occurs when the Lsass.exe process crashes in Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (SP1) or Windows 7 SP1. What is Mimikatz? [20][21], FIN8 harvests credentials using Invoke-Mimikatz or Windows Credentials Editor (WCE). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Powershell Live-Memory Analysis Tools: Dump-Memory, Dump-Strings, Check-MemoryProtection I’m releasing three new tools for Powershell that may be of use for those performing live-memory forensics or for penetration testers trying to pull sensitive information from memory. (2017, May 24). Retrieved December 27, 2018. French, D. (2018, October 2). In that stage, I’m just going to copy it into my toolkit to recover it. In my case, I am going to select “No” because there is no fun in writing that big file into our disk. One tool you can use for low and slow information gathering in the Metasploit Framework is the keylogging script with Meterpreter. [25][26], LaZagne can perform credential dumping from memory to obtain account and password information. [13], BRONZE BUTLER has used various tools (such as Mimikatz and WCE) to perform credential dumping. Microsoft Defender ATP alert on detection of Mimikatz Microsoft. Next you need to generate the report. Here's the shellcode I wrote for curiosity and ended up working nicely :) This shellcode is for Windows 10 and Server 2019 x86_64. (2019, June 25). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Wdigest: The Digest Authentication protocol is designed for use with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Authentication Security Layer (SASL) exchanges. However, these tools have some disadvantages. [61], With Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. Output of the previous command is a file testvbox.dmp in dmp format.. Retrieved December 14, 2018. I performed extensive research on how attackers dump credentials from LSASS and Active Directory, including pulling the Active Directory database (ntds.dit) remotely. [23], SecretsDump and Mimikatz modules within Impacket can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information. OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. (2020, August 18). It can also tell us which type of process is running and list his DLLs. Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. (2019, March 27). What is Zerologon. Of course, whenever we are thinking about memory analysis of the whole operating system, I have here a Python script called Volatility. Retrieved August 18, 2018. APT33 : APT33 has used a variety of publicly available tools like LaZagne, Mimikatz, and ProcDump to dump credentials. LSASecretsDump is a small console application that extract the LSA secrets from the Registry, decrypt them, and dump them into the console window. Dumping passwords through Windbg. [17], Emotet has been observed dropping password grabber modules including Mimikatz. System design. Retrieved February 15, 2018. [19], FIN6 has used Windows Credential Editor for credential dumping. NSA IAD. Let me find a file that might not be that super cool to open because it has a lot of different events.